--- title: The liar's dividend means people use the existence of fakes to deny… — Bots, troll farms and deepfakes in elections · tree and pragmatics description: The liar's dividend means people use the existence of fakes to deny things that really happened. Who acts: dividend, people, things, fakes. A sentence of the lesson «Bots, troll farms and deepfakes in elections» of the politics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmat --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/32-bots-troll-farms-and-deepfakes/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Politics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/) / [Bots, troll farms and deepfakes in ele…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/32-bots-troll-farms-and-deepfakes/) / 11 # Bots, troll farms and deepfakes in elections, sentence 11 The liar's dividend means people use the existence of fakes to deny things that really happened. **Who acts:** dividend, people, things, fakes · **What happens:** mean, use, deny, happen, exist · **To what, where:** existence, things · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Bots, troll farms and deepfakes in elections» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dividend, people, things, fakes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:politics:032-bots-troll-farms-and-deepfakes.lesson:11 # text = The liar's dividend means people use the existence of fakes to deny things that really happened. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = politics # lesson = 032-bots-troll-farms-and-deepfakes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 liar liar NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod:poss _ _ 3 's 's PART POS _ 2 case _ _ 4 dividend dividend NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 7 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 ccomp _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 existence existence NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 fakes fake NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nmod _ _ 12 to to PART TO _ 13 mark _ _ 13 deny deny VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:acl 14 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 15 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 17 nsubj _ _ 16 really really ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 17 happened happen VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 acl:relcl _ _ 18 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present | the liar's dividend | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **use** | present | people | the existence of fakes | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent existence=Patient | | 3 | **deny** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | things | | | | | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality | | 4 | **happen** | past | things | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **exist** | | fakes | | | | | | nom existence «state intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:politics:032-bots-troll-farms-and-deepfakes.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Bots, troll farms and deepfakes in ele…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/32-bots-troll-farms-and-deepfakes/10/) - next →: [Bots, troll farms and deepfakes in ele…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/32-bots-troll-farms-and-deepfakes/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/32-bots-troll-farms-and-deepfakes/)