--- title: It is like a playground rumour that "school's closed tomorrow": you… — How to check: who, how, who else · tree and pragmatics description: It is like a playground rumour that "school's closed tomorrow": you ask who said it ("a boy in Year 6"), how he knows ("his cousin heard"), and whether any teacher or the school website says the same; usually the rumour falls apart by the second question. Who acts: It, you, boy, cousin. A sentence o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/35-how-to-check-who-how-who-else/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Politics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/) / [How to check: who, how, who else](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/35-how-to-check-who-how-who-else/) / 1 # How to check: who, how, who else, sentence 1 It is like a playground rumour that "school's closed tomorrow": you ask who said it ("a boy in Year 6"), how he knows ("his cousin heard"), and whether any teacher or the school website says the same; usually the rumour falls apart by the second question. **Who acts:** It, you, boy, cousin, teacher, rumour · **What happens:** be, ask, say, know, heard, fall apart · **To what, where:** school, same · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «How to check: who, how, who else» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It, you, boy, cousin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:politics:035-how-to-check-who-how-who-else.lesson:1 # text = It is like a playground rumour that "school's closed tomorrow": you ask who said it ("a boy in Year 6"), how he knows ("his cousin heard"), and whether any teacher or the school website says the same; usually the rumour falls apart by the second question. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = politics # lesson = 035-how-to-check-who-how-who-else.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×4 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 3 like like ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 playground playground NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 rumour rumour NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 7 that that SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _ 8 " " PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=9:punct 9 school school NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj:pass _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:compound 10 's be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux:pass _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:cop 11 closed closed ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 acl _ _ 12 tomorrow tomorrow NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl:unmarked _ _ 13 " " PUNCT '' _ 11 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=12:punct 14 : : PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 15 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 ask ask VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:advcl 17 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 18 nsubj _ _ 18 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 ccomp _ _ 19 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obj _ _ 20 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 23 punct _ _ 21 " " PUNCT `` _ 23 punct _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 boy boy NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 ccomp _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 Year Year PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 26 6 6 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 25 nummod _ _ 27 " " PUNCT '' _ 23 punct _ _ 28 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 23 punct _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 30 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 32 advmod _ _ 31 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 knows know VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 33 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 37 punct _ _ 34 " " PUNCT `` _ 37 punct _ _ 35 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ _ 36 cousin cousin NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 37 heard heard VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 parataxis _ _ 38 " " PUNCT '' _ 37 punct _ _ 39 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 37 punct _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 42 whether whether SCONJ IN _ 49 mark _ _ 43 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 44 det _ _ 44 teacher teacher NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 nsubj _ _ 45 or or CCONJ CC _ 48 cc _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 47 school school NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 compound _ _ 48 website website NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 conj _ _ 49 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:parataxis 50 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 51 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 49 obj _ _ 52 ; ; PUNCT , _ 56 punct _ _ 53 usually usually ADV RB _ 56 advmod _ _ 54 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 55 det _ _ 55 rumour rumour NOUN NN Number=Sing 56 nsubj _ _ 56 falls fall VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 49 conj _ _ 57 apart apart ADV RB _ 56 advmod _ _ 58 by by ADP IN _ 61 case _ _ 59 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 61 det _ _ 60 second second ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 61 amod _ _ 61 question question NOUN NN Number=Sing 56 obl _ _ 62 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | It | | | | | like a playground rumour | tree rules | | 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | you | | | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | | school | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic | | 4 | **know** | present | boy | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 5 | **heard** *in a quote* | past | boy's cousin | | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | any teacher or the school website | the same | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent same=Topic | | 7 | **fall apart** | present | the rumour | | | | | by the second question; apart, usually *property* | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:politics:035-how-to-check-who-how-who-else.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×4. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How to check: who, how, who else, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/35-how-to-check-who-how-who-else/0/) - next →: [How to check: who, how, who else, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/35-how-to-check-who-how-who-else/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/35-how-to-check-who-how-who-else/)