---
title: The first question is who says it; something heard from someone who… — How to check: who, how, who else · tree and pragmatics
description: The first question is who says it; something heard from someone who heard it from someone else is called hearsay. Who acts: first question, something. A sentence of the lesson «How to check: who, how, who else» of the politics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# How to check: who, how, who else, sentence 5

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The first question is who says it; something heard from someone who heard it from someone else is called hearsay.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** first question, something · **What happens:** be, hear, call · **To what, where:** someone, grown, hearsay · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «How to check: who, how, who else» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first question, something), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:politics:035-how-to-check-who-how-who-else.lesson:5
# text = The first question is who says it; something heard from someone who heard it from someone else is called hearsay.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = politics
# lesson = 035-how-to-check-who-how-who-else.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:outer	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	nsubj	_	_
10	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obl	_	_
13	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	14	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:nsubj:pass
18	else	else	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	ccomp	_	_
21	hearsay	hearsay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	xcomp	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the first question |  |  |  |  | say *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hear** | participle | something |  |  | someone |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from someone=Source |
| 3 | **hear** | past |  | grown *= grow* |  | someone |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **call** | present · passive |  | hearsay |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:politics:035-how-to-check-who-how-who-else.lesson:5`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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