--- title: Christians believe that in Jesus God himself became a human being (t… — The birth of Jesus · tree and pragmatics description: Christians believe that in Jesus God himself became a human being (the Incarnation) — «Emmanuel, God with us» — and came humbly, close to poor and ordinary people; that is why Christmas is about welcome and giving, not only presents. Who acts: Christians, God, that, Christmas. A sentence of the less --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/12-the-birth-of-jesus/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Religion ethics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/) / [The birth of Jesus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/12-the-birth-of-jesus/) / 4 # The birth of Jesus, sentence 4 Christians believe that in Jesus God himself became a human being (the Incarnation) — «Emmanuel, God with us» — and came humbly, close to poor and ordinary people; that is why Christmas is about welcome and giving, not only presents. **Who acts:** Christians, God, that, Christmas · **What happens:** believe, become, come, be, give · **To what, where:** Jesus, presents · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The birth of Jesus» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Christians, God, that, Christmas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:religion-ethics:012-the-birth-of-jesus.lesson:4 # text = Christians believe that in Jesus God himself became a human being (the Incarnation) — «Emmanuel, God with us» — and came humbly, close to poor and ordinary people; that is why Christmas is about welcome and giving, not only presents. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = religion-ethics # lesson = 012-the-birth-of-jesus.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×4, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Christians Christian PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 2 believe believe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 that that SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 Jesus Jesus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:compound 6 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 7 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes 6 nmod:unmarked _ _ 8 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 human human ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 11 being being NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 xcomp _ _ 12 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 14 punct _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 Incarnation incarnation PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 appos _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=11:appos|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 15 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 14 punct _ _ 16 — - PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 17 « « PUNCT `` _ 18 punct _ _ 18 Emmanuel Emmanuel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 appos _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 conj _ _ 21 with with ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nmod _ _ 23 » » PUNCT '' _ 18 punct _ _ 24 — - PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:conj 27 humbly humbly ADV RB Degree=Pos 26 advmod _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 close close ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=26:advcl 30 to to ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 poor poor ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=29:obl 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 33 ordinary ordinary ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=34:amod 34 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 conj _ _ 35 ; ; PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 36 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 38 nsubj _ _ 37 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 cop _ _ 38 why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 2 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=26:conj 39 Christmas Christmas PROPN NNP Number=Sing 42 nsubj _ _ 40 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 42 cop _ _ 41 about about ADP IN _ 42 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=42:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 42 welcome welcome NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 advcl:relcl _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 44 giving give VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 42 conj _ _ 45 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 46 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 48 advmod _ _ 47 only only ADV RB _ 48 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=48:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 48 presents present NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 obj _ _ 49 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **believe** | present | Christians | | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 2 | **become** | past | God God | Jesus | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **come** | past | God God *not said here* | | | | | close, humbly *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **is** | present | that | | | | | why *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **is** | present | Christmas | | | | | about welcome | tree rules | | 6 | **give** | gerund | Christmas *not said here* | presents | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent present=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:012-the-birth-of-jesus.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×4, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The birth of Jesus, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/12-the-birth-of-jesus/3/) - next →: [The birth of Jesus, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/12-the-birth-of-jesus/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/12-the-birth-of-jesus/)