---
title: The cross was once a cruel Roman punishment and became the main Chri… — The Last Supper and the crucifixion · tree and pragmatics
description: The cross was once a cruel Roman punishment and became the main Christian symbol of love and hope. Who acts: cross. A sentence of the lesson «The Last Supper and the crucifixion» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Last Supper and the crucifixion, sentence 18

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The cross was once a cruel Roman punishment and became the main Christian symbol of love and hope.

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**Who acts:** cross · **What happens:** be, become · **To what, where:** cruel Roman punishment, main Christian symbol

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Last Supper and the crucifixion» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cross), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:religion-ethics:018-the-last-supper-and-the-crucifixion.lesson:18
# text = The cross was once a cruel Roman punishment and became the main Christian symbol of love and hope.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = religion-ethics
# lesson = 018-the-last-supper-and-the-crucifixion.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cross	cross	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	once	once	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	Roman	Roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	symbol	symbol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	xcomp	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the cross | a cruel Roman punishment |  |  |  | once *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | past | the cross *not said here* | the main Christian symbol of love and hope |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:018-the-last-supper-and-the-crucifixion.lesson:18`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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