---
title: A covenant is a solemn promise or agreement; in the Bible God made c… — Noah and the Tower of Babel · tree and pragmatics
description: A covenant is a solemn promise or agreement; in the Bible God made covenants with Noah, Abraham, Moses and David. Who acts: covenant, God. A sentence of the lesson «Noah and the Tower of Babel» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever
---

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# Noah and the Tower of Babel, sentence 12

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A covenant is a solemn promise or agreement; in the Bible God made covenants with Noah, Abraham, Moses and David.

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**Who acts:** covenant, God · **What happens:** be, make · **To what, where:** solemn promise, covenants, Bible

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Noah and the Tower of Babel» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (covenant, God), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:religion-ethics:003-noah-and-the-tower-of-babel.lesson:12
# text = A covenant is a solemn promise or agreement; in the Bible God made covenants with Noah, Abraham, Moses and David.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = religion-ethics
# lesson = 003-noah-and-the-tower-of-babel.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	covenant	covenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	solemn	solemn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	agreement	agreement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
13	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj
15	covenants	covenant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Noah	Noah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	Abraham	Abraham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a covenant | a solemn promise or agreement |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | past | God | covenants |  | the Bible |  | with Noah and Abraham and Moses and David | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent covenant=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:003-noah-and-the-tower-of-babel.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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