--- title: The Buddha taught the Four Noble Truths: life has suffering, sufferi… — Buddhism, humanism and respect for every belief · tree and pragmatics description: The Buddha taught the Four Noble Truths: life has suffering, suffering comes from craving, it can end, and the Eightfold Path leads there; many Buddhists meditate to calm the mind and do not believe in a creator God. Who acts: Buddha, life, suffering, Eightfold Path. A sentence of the lesson «Buddhi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/33-buddhism-humanism-and-respect/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Religion ethics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/) / [Buddhism, humanism and respect for eve…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/33-buddhism-humanism-and-respect/) / 1 # Buddhism, humanism and respect for every belief, sentence 1 The Buddha taught the Four Noble Truths: life has suffering, suffering comes from craving, it can end, and the Eightfold Path leads there; many Buddhists meditate to calm the mind and do not believe in a creator God. **Who acts:** Buddha, life, suffering, Eightfold Path, many Buddhists · **What happens:** teach, have, come, end, lead, meditate · **To what, where:** Four Noble Truths, suffering, craving, mind, creator This is a sentence of the lesson «Buddhism, humanism and respect for every belief» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buddha, life, suffering, Eightfold Path), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:religion-ethics:033-buddhism-humanism-and-respect.lesson:1 # text = The Buddha taught the Four Noble Truths: life has suffering, suffering comes from craving, it can end, and the Eightfold Path leads there; many Buddhists meditate to calm the mind and do not believe in a creator God. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = religion-ethics # lesson = 033-buddhism-humanism-and-respect.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 Buddha Buddha PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 3 taught teach VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 5 Four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 7 nummod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 6 Noble Noble PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 Truths truth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 8 : : PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 9 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 10 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 11 suffering suffering NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=13:punct 13 suffering suffering NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 14 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:ccomp 15 from from ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 craving craving NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=14:punct 18 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 19 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 20 end end VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 parataxis _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=31:punct 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 Eightfold eightfold PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=25:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 25 Path path PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=26:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 26 leads lead VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 27 there there ADV RB PronType=Dem 26 advmod _ _ 28 ; ; PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 Buddhists buddhist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 31 meditate meditate VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 32 to to PART TO _ 33 mark _ _ 33 calm calm VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 31 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=31:xcomp 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 mind mind NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 37 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 aux _ _ 38 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 39 advmod _ _ 39 believe believe VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 31 conj _ _ 40 in in ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 creator creator NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obl _ _ 43 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 42 appos _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | the Buddha | the Four Noble Truths | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient | | 2 | **have** | present | life | suffering | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent suffering=Patient | | 3 | **come** | present | suffering | | | craving | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from craving=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **end** | can | Buddha | | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 5 | **lead** | present | the Eightfold Path | | | there | | | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition | | 6 | **meditate** | present | many Buddhists | | | | | | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **calm** | to-infinitive | many Buddhists *not said here* | the mind | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus mind=Experiencer | | 8 | **not** **believe** | present · do-support | many Buddhists *not said here* | | | a creator | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:033-buddhism-humanism-and-respect.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Buddhism, humanism and respect for eve…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/33-buddhism-humanism-and-respect/0/) - next →: [Buddhism, humanism and respect for eve…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/33-buddhism-humanism-and-respect/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/33-buddhism-humanism-and-respect/)