--- title: The Four Noble Truths say: life has suffering, suffering comes from… — Buddhism, humanism and respect for every belief · tree and pragmatics description: The Four Noble Truths say: life has suffering, suffering comes from craving (always wanting more), suffering can end, and the Eightfold Path leads there. Who acts: Four Noble Truths, life, suffering, craving. A sentence of the lesson «Buddhism, humanism and respect for every belief» of the religion --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/33-buddhism-humanism-and-respect/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Religion ethics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/) / [Buddhism, humanism and respect for eve…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/33-buddhism-humanism-and-respect/) / 8 # Buddhism, humanism and respect for every belief, sentence 8 The Four Noble Truths say: life has suffering, suffering comes from craving (always wanting more), suffering can end, and the Eightfold Path leads there. **Who acts:** Four Noble Truths, life, suffering, craving, Eightfold Path · **What happens:** say, have, come, want, end, lead · **To what, where:** suffering, craving, more · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Buddhism, humanism and respect for every belief» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Four Noble Truths, life, suffering, craving), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:religion-ethics:033-buddhism-humanism-and-respect.lesson:8 # text = The Four Noble Truths say: life has suffering, suffering comes from craving (always wanting more), suffering can end, and the Eightfold Path leads there. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = religion-ethics # lesson = 033-buddhism-humanism-and-respect.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 2 Four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 4 nummod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 3 Noble Noble PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 Truths truth PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 5 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 7 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 8 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 ccomp _ _ 9 suffering suffer NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:nsubj 10 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 11 suffering suffer NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:conj 12 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 13 from from ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 craving craving NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 15 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 17 punct _ _ 16 always always ADV RB PronType=Tot 17 advmod _ _ 17 wanting want VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 14 acl _ _ 18 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 17 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=17:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBR:Degree=Cmp 19 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 17 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=18:punct 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=21:punct 21 suffering suffer NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 22 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 23 end end VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 conj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=29:det 27 Eightfold eightfold PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 compound _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=29:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 28 Path path PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=29:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 29 leads lead VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 ccomp _ _ 30 there there ADV RB PronType=Dem 29 advmod _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Four Noble Truths | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **have** | present | life | suffering | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent suffer=Patient | | 3 | **come** | present | suffering | | | craving | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from craving=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **want** | gerund | craving *not said here* | more | | | | always *property* | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot more=Theme | | 5 | **end** | can | suffering | | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 6 | **lead** | present | the Eightfold Path | | | there | | | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:033-buddhism-humanism-and-respect.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Buddhism, humanism and respect for eve…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/33-buddhism-humanism-and-respect/7/) - next →: [Buddhism, humanism and respect for eve…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/33-buddhism-humanism-and-respect/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/33-buddhism-humanism-and-respect/)