--- title: Bullying, hurting again and again someone who finds it hard to defen… — Virtues: honesty, fairness and kindness · tree and pragmatics description: Bullying, hurting again and again someone who finds it hard to defend themselves, is always wrong, and bystanders can help stop it; gratitude, noticing good things and saying thank you, makes people happier and kinder. Who acts: Bullying, bystanders, gratitude. A sentence of the lesson «Virtues: hon --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/34-honesty-fairness-and-kindness/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Religion ethics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/) / [Virtues: honesty, fairness and kindness](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/34-honesty-fairness-and-kindness/) / 4 # Virtues: honesty, fairness and kindness, sentence 4 Bullying, hurting again and again someone who finds it hard to defend themselves, is always wrong, and bystanders can help stop it; gratitude, noticing good things and saying thank you, makes people happier and kinder. **Who acts:** Bullying, bystanders, gratitude · **What happens:** hurt, find, defend, be, help, stop · **To what, where:** someone, Bullying, Christians, good things, you, people · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Virtues: honesty, fairness and kindness» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bullying, bystanders, gratitude), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:religion-ethics:034-honesty-fairness-and-kindness.lesson:4 # text = Bullying, hurting again and again someone who finds it hard to defend themselves, is always wrong, and bystanders can help stop it; gratitude, noticing good things and saying thank you, makes people happier and kinder. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = religion-ethics # lesson = 034-honesty-fairness-and-kindness.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Bullying bullying NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=18:nsubj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBG:Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 3 hurting hurt VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 1 conj _ _ 4 again again ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 6 again again ADV RB _ 4 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:advmod 7 someone someone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 3 obj _ _ 8 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 9 nsubj _ _ 9 finds find VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 acl:relcl _ _ 10 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obj _ _ 11 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 xcomp _ _ 12 to to PART TO _ 13 mark _ _ 13 defend defend VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 advcl _ _ 14 themselves themselves PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 13 obj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 16 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 17 always always ADV RB PronType=Tot 18 advmod _ _ 18 wrong wrong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 21 bystanders bystander NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 22 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 23 help help VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 parataxis _ _ 24 stop stop VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 23 xcomp _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 27 gratitude gratitude NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 noticing notice VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 27 acl _ _ 30 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 33 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 29 conj _ _ 34 thank thank VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 parataxis _ _ 35 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 34 obj _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 37 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 parataxis _ _ 38 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 obj _ _ 39 happier happy ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 37 xcomp _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 41 kinder kind ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 39 conj _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 18 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hurt** | gerund | Bullying *not said here* | someone | | | again | | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Patient | | 2 | **find** | present | | Bullying | | | | hard *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic | | 3 | **defend** | to-infinitive | | Christians *= christian* | | | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary | | 4 | **is** | present | Bullying | | | | | always, wrong *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **help** | can | bystanders | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 6 | **stop** | infinitive | bystanders *not said here* | Bullying | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality it=Eventuality | | 7 | **notice** | gerund | gratitude *not said here* | good things | | | | | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus | | 8 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | gratitude *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 9 | **thank** *speech: thank* | present | | | you | | | | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme | | 10 | **make** | present | gratitude | people | | | | happy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset people=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:034-honesty-fairness-and-kindness.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Virtues: honesty, fairness and kindness, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/34-honesty-fairness-and-kindness/3/) - next →: [Virtues: honesty, fairness and kindness, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/34-honesty-fairness-and-kindness/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/34-honesty-fairness-and-kindness/)