---
title: In Judaism, Leviticus 19:18 says "Love your neighbour as yourself". — The Golden Rule in many traditions · tree and pragmatics
description: In Judaism, Leviticus 19:18 says "Love your neighbour as yourself". Who acts: Leviticus. A sentence of the lesson «The Golden Rule in many traditions» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Golden Rule in many traditions, sentence 8

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In Judaism, Leviticus 19:18 says "Love your neighbour as yourself".

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**Who acts:** Leviticus · **What happens:** say, love · **To what, where:** Judaism, neighbour · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Golden Rule in many traditions» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leviticus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:religion-ethics:038-the-golden-rule-in-many-traditions.lesson:8
# text = In Judaism, Leviticus 19:18 says "Love your neighbour as yourself".
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = religion-ethics
# lesson = 038-the-golden-rule-in-many-traditions.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Judaism	Judaism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	Leviticus	Leviticus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	19:18	19:18	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	flat	_	_
6	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Love	love	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	8	obl	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Leviticus |  |  | Judaism |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **love** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | your neighbour |  |  |  | as yourself | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer neighbour=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:038-the-golden-rule-in-many-traditions.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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