--- title: Cheating means breaking the rules in secret to get ahead, such as co… — Cheating, rules and games · tree and pragmatics description: Cheating means breaking the rules in secret to get ahead, such as copying answers in a test, bending the rules of a game, or an athlete taking banned drugs. Who acts: Cheating, athlete, game. A sentence of the lesson «Cheating, rules and games» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/44-cheating-rules-and-games/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Religion ethics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/) / [Cheating, rules and games](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/44-cheating-rules-and-games/) / 0 # Cheating, rules and games, sentence 0 Cheating means breaking the rules in secret to get ahead, such as copying answers in a test, bending the rules of a game, or an athlete taking banned drugs. **Who acts:** Cheating, athlete, game · **What happens:** mean, break, get, copy, bend, take · **To what, where:** rules, secret, answers, test, banned drugs This is a sentence of the lesson «Cheating, rules and games» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cheating, athlete, game), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:religion-ethics:044-cheating-rules-and-games.lesson:0 # text = Cheating means breaking the rules in secret to get ahead, such as copying answers in a test, bending the rules of a game, or an athlete taking banned drugs. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = religion-ethics # lesson = 044-cheating-rules-and-games.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Cheating cheating NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:nsubj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBG:VerbForm=Ger 2 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 breaking break VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 xcomp _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 rules rule NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 secret secret NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:obl|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 8 to to PART TO _ 9 mark _ _ 9 get get VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:advcl 10 ahead ahead ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ 14 mark _ _ 13 as as ADP IN _ 12 fixed _ _ 14 copying copy VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 7 conj _ _ 15 answers answer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obj _ _ 16 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 test test NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 bending bend VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 14 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:conj 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 rules rule NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obj _ _ 23 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 game game NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 27 or or CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 28 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 athlete athlete NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 conj _ _ 30 taking take VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 29 acl _ _ 31 banned ban VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 32 amod _ _ 32 drugs drug NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obj _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present | Cheating | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **break** *not said to happen* | gerund | Cheating *not said here* | the rules | | secret | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient | | 3 | **get** | to-infinitive | Cheating *not said here* | | | | | ahead *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **copy** | gerund | Cheating *not said here* | answers | | a test | | | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent answer=Theme in test=Destination | | 5 | **bend** | gerund | Cheating *not said here* | the rules of a game | | | | | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent rule=Material | | 6 | **take** | gerund | a athlete *not said here* | banned drugs | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drug=Theme | | 7 | **ban** | participle | | | | | | | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Causer | | 8 | **rule** | | a game | | | | | | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:044-cheating-rules-and-games.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sharing and fairness, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/43-sharing-and-fairness/18/) - next →: [Cheating, rules and games, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/44-cheating-rules-and-games/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/44-cheating-rules-and-games/)