---
title: Animals can feel pain and fear, so most people believe we have real… — Animals · tree and pragmatics
description: Animals can feel pain and fear, so most people believe we have real duties towards them, and that cruelty to animals is wrong. Who acts: Animals, most people, we, cruelty. A sentence of the lesson «Animals» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragm
---

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# Animals, sentence 0

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Animals can feel pain and fear, so most people believe we have real duties towards them, and that cruelty to animals is wrong.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Animals, most people, we, cruelty · **What happens:** feel, believe, have, be · **To what, where:** pain, real duties · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Animals» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Animals, most people, we, cruelty), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:religion-ethics:046-animals.lesson:0
# text = Animals can feel pain and fear, so most people believe we have real duties towards them, and that cruelty to animals is wrong.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = religion-ethics
# lesson = 046-animals.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	10	amod	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
12	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
14	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	duties	duty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
16	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
20	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	21	det	_	_
21	cruelty	cruelty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
25	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | can | Animals | pain and fear |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Theme |
| 2 | **believe** | present | most people |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **have** | present | we | real duties |  |  |  | towards people | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent duty=Patient |
| 4 | **is** | present | that cruelty to animals |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:046-animals.lesson:0`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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