---
title: Small animals usually have shorter lives than big ones, though there… — Getting old: how long people and animals live · tree and pragmatics
description: Small animals usually have shorter lives than big ones, though there are exceptions. Who acts: Small animals, exceptions. A sentence of the lesson «Getting old: how long people and animals live» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# Getting old: how long people and animals live, sentence 8

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Small animals usually have shorter lives than big ones, though there are exceptions.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Small animals, exceptions · **What happens:** have, be · **To what, where:** shorter lives

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Getting old: how long people and animals live» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Small animals, exceptions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:religion-ethics:052-getting-old-how-long-people-and-animals-live.lesson:8
# text = Small animals usually have shorter lives than big ones, though there are exceptions.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = religion-ethics
# lesson = 052-getting-old-how-long-people-and-animals-live.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	shorter	short	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	lives	life	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	13	expl	_	_
13	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
14	exceptions	exception	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Small animals | shorter lives |  |  |  | than big ones; usually *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Patient |
| 2 | **does** | present | exceptions |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:052-getting-old-how-long-people-and-animals-live.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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