---
title: Lions are meat-eaters and cannot live on grass; hunting is how they… — Why living things die, and the circle of life in… · tree and pragmatics
description: Lions are meat-eaters and cannot live on grass; hunting is how they feed themselves and their cubs, not cruelty. Who acts: Lions, hunting. A sentence of the lesson «Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tre
---

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# Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature, sentence 10

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Lions are meat-eaters and cannot live on grass; hunting is how they feed themselves and their cubs, not cruelty.

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**Who acts:** Lions, hunting · **What happens:** be, not live · **To what, where:** meat eaters, grass

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lions, hunting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:religion-ethics:053-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life.lesson:10
# text = Lions are meat-eaters and cannot live on grass; hunting is how they feed themselves and their cubs, not cruelty.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = religion-ethics
# lesson = 053-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	_
5	eaters	eater	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
15	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	feed	feed	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
18	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	17	obj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	cubs	cub	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	24	advmod	_	_
24	cruelty	cruelty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lions | meat eaters |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **live** | can | Lions *not said here* |  |  | grass |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on grass=Location |
| 3 | **is** | present | hunting and cruelty |  |  |  |  | feed *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:053-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Why living things die, and the circle…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/53-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life/9/)
- next →: [Why living things die, and the circle…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/53-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life/11/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/53-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life/)