--- title: In autumn Josh kicks through dead brown leaves, but the tree is aliv… — Why living things die, and the circle of life in… · tree and pragmatics description: In autumn Josh kicks through dead brown leaves, but the tree is alive and resting; the leaves rot with worms, fungi and bacteria into rich soil that feeds next spring's growth, just as the compost heap turns old peel into food for new plants. Who acts: Josh, tree, leaves, rich soil. A sentence of th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/53-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Religion ethics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/) / [Why living things die, and the circle…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/53-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life/) / 2 # Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature, sentence 2 In autumn Josh kicks through dead brown leaves, but the tree is alive and resting; the leaves rot with worms, fungi and bacteria into rich soil that feeds next spring's growth, just as the compost heap turns old peel into food for new plants. **Who acts:** Josh, tree, leaves, rich soil, compost heap, next spring · **What happens:** kick, be, rest, rot, feed, turn · **To what, where:** dead brown leaves, rich soil, growth, old peel, food This is a sentence of the lesson «Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Josh, tree, leaves, rich soil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:religion-ethics:053-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life.lesson:2 # text = In autumn Josh kicks through dead brown leaves, but the tree is alive and resting; the leaves rot with worms, fungi and bacteria into rich soil that feeds next spring's growth, just as the compost heap turns old peel into food for new plants. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = religion-ethics # lesson = 053-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 autumn autumn NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 3 Josh Josh PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 kicks kick VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 through through ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 6 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 7 brown brown ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 10 but but CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 13 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _ 14 alive alive ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:parataxis 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 resting rest VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 14 conj _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT : _ 20 punct _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 20 rot rot VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 21 with with ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 worms worm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 24 fungi fungi NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 conj _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 bacteria bacteria NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=24:conj 27 into into ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 rich rich ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 soil soil NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 30 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 31 nsubj _ _ 31 feeds feed VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 acl:relcl _ _ 32 next next ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 spring spring NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nmod:poss _ _ 34 's 's PART POS _ 33 case _ _ 35 growth growth NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 37 just just ADV RB _ 42 advmod _ _ 38 as as SCONJ IN _ 42 mark _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=42:det 40 compost compost NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 compound _ _ 41 heap heap NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 nsubj _ _ 42 turns turn VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 advcl _ _ 43 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 44 amod _ _ 44 peel peel NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obj _ _ 45 into into ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 46 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obl _ _ 47 for for ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 48 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 49 amod _ _ 49 plants plant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 nmod _ _ 50 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **kick** | present | Josh | | | dead brown leaves | autumn | | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **is** | present | the tree | | | | | alive *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **rest** | gerund | the tree *not said here* | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **rot** | present | the leaves | | | rich soil | | with worms and fungi and bacteria | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **feed** | present | rich soil | next spring's growth | | | | | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent growth=Recipient | | 6 | **turn** | present | the compost heap | old peel | | food for new plants | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent peel=Theme into food=Trajectory | | 7 | **grow** | | next spring | | | | | | nom growth «process intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:053-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Why living things die, and the circle…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/53-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life/1/) - next →: [Why living things die, and the circle…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/53-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/53-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life/)