--- title: A food chain shows who eats whom, starting from the sun and plants;… — Why living things die, and the circle of life in… · tree and pragmatics description: A food chain shows who eats whom, starting from the sun and plants; when animals die, decomposers return them to the soil, so the chain is really a circle. Who acts: food chain, animals, decomposers, chain. A sentence of the lesson «Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature» of the rel --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/53-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Religion ethics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/) / [Why living things die, and the circle…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/53-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life/) / 9 # Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature, sentence 9 A food chain shows who eats whom, starting from the sun and plants; when animals die, decomposers return them to the soil, so the chain is really a circle. **Who acts:** food chain, animals, decomposers, chain · **What happens:** show, eat, start, die, return, be · **To what, where:** sun, plants, soil, circle · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (food chain, animals, decomposers, chain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:religion-ethics:053-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life.lesson:9 # text = A food chain shows who eats whom, starting from the sun and plants; when animals die, decomposers return them to the soil, so the chain is really a circle. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = religion-ethics # lesson = 053-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 chain chain NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 6 nsubj _ _ 6 eats eat VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 ccomp _ _ 7 whom whom PRON WP PronType=Rel 6 obj _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 9 starting start VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 4 acl _ _ 10 from from ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 sun sun NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 plants plant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:conj 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 18 advmod _ _ 17 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 18 die die VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 advcl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 20 decomposers decomposer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 21 return return VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 22 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ _ 23 to to ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 soil soil NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 27 so so ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 chain chain NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 30 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 cop _ _ 31 really really ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 circle circle NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 conj _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | present | a food chain | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **eat** | present | | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Patient | | 3 | **start** | gerund | | | | the sun and plants | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 4 | **die** | present | animals | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 5 | **return** | present | decomposers | plants *= plant* | | the soil and a circle | | | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme to soil=Destination | | 6 | **is a** | present | the chain | a circle | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:053-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Why living things die, and the circle…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/53-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life/8/) - next →: [Why living things die, and the circle…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/53-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/53-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life/)