---
title: The headless horseman is an old legend, made famous in a story by Wa… — Souls, ghosts and stories · tree and pragmatics
description: The headless horseman is an old legend, made famous in a story by Washington Irving in 1820. Who acts: headless horseman. A sentence of the lesson «Souls, ghosts and stories» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Souls, ghosts and stories, sentence 13

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The headless horseman is an old legend, made famous in a story by Washington Irving in 1820.

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**Who acts:** headless horseman · **What happens:** be, make · **To what, where:** old legend, story

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Souls, ghosts and stories» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (headless horseman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:religion-ethics:074-souls-ghosts-and-stories.lesson:13
# text = The headless horseman is an old legend, made famous in a story by Washington Irving in 1820.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = religion-ethics
# lesson = 074-souls-ghosts-and-stories.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	headless	headless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	horseman	horseman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	legend	legend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
10	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Washington	Washington	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	Irving	Irving	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	flat	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	1820	1820	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the headless horseman | a old legend |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a old legend *not said here* |  | a story by Washington |  | in 1820; famous *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:074-souls-ghosts-and-stories.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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