--- title: When Ella's cousin says her grandma's ghost visits at night, she is… — Souls, ghosts and stories · tree and pragmatics description: When Ella's cousin says her grandma's ghost visits at night, she is most likely dreaming of Grandma or feeling close to her, which is a normal part of missing someone and nothing to be afraid of. Who acts: cousin, normal part, grandma. A sentence of the lesson «Souls, ghosts and stories» of the reli --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/74-souls-ghosts-and-stories/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Religion ethics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/) / [Souls, ghosts and stories](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/74-souls-ghosts-and-stories/) / 4 # Souls, ghosts and stories, sentence 4 When Ella's cousin says her grandma's ghost visits at night, she is most likely dreaming of Grandma or feeling close to her, which is a normal part of missing someone and nothing to be afraid of. **Who acts:** cousin, normal part, grandma · **What happens:** say, dream, feel, be, miss, ghost · **To what, where:** ghost visits, normal part, someone · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Souls, ghosts and stories» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cousin, normal part, grandma), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:religion-ethics:074-souls-ghosts-and-stories.lesson:4 # text = When Ella's cousin says her grandma's ghost visits at night, she is most likely dreaming of Grandma or feeling close to her, which is a normal part of missing someone and nothing to be afraid of. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = religion-ethics # lesson = 074-souls-ghosts-and-stories.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4 1 When when SCONJ WRB _ 5 mark _ _ 2 Ella Ella PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nmod:poss _ _ 3 's 's PART POS _ 2 case _ _ 4 cousin cousin NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 advcl _ _ 6 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 7 grandma grandma NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod:poss _ _ 8 's 's PART POS _ 7 case _ _ 9 ghost ghost NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=10:nsubj 10 visits visit NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:ccomp|HaikuPos=VERB:VBZ:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 at at ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 14 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 15 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 16 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 17 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:advmod 17 likely likely ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 18 dreaming dream VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 Grandma grandma NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 21 or or CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 feeling feel VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 18 conj _ _ 23 close close ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 xcomp _ _ 24 to to ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 her her PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 27 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 31 nsubj _ _ 28 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 normal normal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 part part NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 parataxis _ _ 32 of of SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=33:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 33 missing miss VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 31 acl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=31:nmod|HaikuPos=VERB:JJ:VerbForm=Ger 34 someone someone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 33 obj _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 36 nothing nothing PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 34 conj _ _ 37 to to PART TO _ 39 mark _ _ 38 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 39 cop _ _ 39 afraid afraid ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 acl _ _ 40 of of ADP IN _ 39 obl _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: pos - hedged: yes - teacher: changed polarity=pos, hedge=1 | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Ella's cousin | ghost visits | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent visit=Topic | | 2 | **dream** | present · progressive | cousin | | | | | of Grandma; likely *property* | vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **feel** | gerund | cousin *not said here* | | | | | close *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | | 4 | **is a** | present | | a normal part | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **miss** | gerund | a normal part *not said here* | someone | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Stimulus | | 6 | **is** | to-infinitive | a normal part *not said here* | | | | | afraid *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **ghost** | | cousin's grandma | | | | | | nom ghost «cognition transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:074-souls-ghosts-and-stories.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Souls, ghosts and stories, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/74-souls-ghosts-and-stories/3/) - next →: [Souls, ghosts and stories, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/74-souls-ghosts-and-stories/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/74-souls-ghosts-and-stories/)