---
title: Gleaning meant gathering grain left at the edges of a field; God's l… — Ruth, and David and Goliath · tree and pragmatics
description: Gleaning meant gathering grain left at the edges of a field; God's law let the poor and foreigners do it. Who acts: Gleaning, law, poor. A sentence of the lesson «Ruth, and David and Goliath» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# Ruth, and David and Goliath, sentence 7

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gleaning meant gathering grain left at the edges of a field; God's law let the poor and foreigners do it.

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**Who acts:** Gleaning, law, poor · **What happens:** mean, gather, leave, let, do · **To what, where:** grain, edges, law

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Ruth, and David and Goliath» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gleaning, law, poor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:religion-ethics:008-ruth-and-david-and-goliath.lesson:7
# text = Gleaning meant gathering grain left at the edges of a field; God's law let the poor and foreigners do it.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = religion-ethics
# lesson = 008-ruth-and-david-and-goliath.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Gleaning	Gleaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	gathering	gather	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	grain	grain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	edges	edge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	's	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	let	let	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	nsubj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=18:cc
20	foreigners	foreigner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
21	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	xcomp	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | past | Gleaning |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **gather** *not said to happen* | gerund | Gleaning *not said here* | grain |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grain=Theme |
| 3 | **leave** | participle |  | grain *not said here* |  | the edges of a field |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent at edge=Location |
| 4 | **let** | past | God's law |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **do** | present | the poor and foreigners | law |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:008-ruth-and-david-and-goliath.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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