---
title: James says, "Above all, my brothers and sisters, do not swear... — Vows, oaths and promises in faith · tree and pragmatics
description: James says, "Above all, my brothers and sisters, do not swear... Who acts: James. A sentence of the lesson «Vows, oaths and promises in faith» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Vows, oaths and promises in faith, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
James says, "Above all, my brothers and sisters, do not swear...

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**Who acts:** James · **What happens:** say, not swear · **To what, where:** all · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Vows, oaths and promises in faith» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (James), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:religion-ethics:088-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith.lesson:12
# text = James says, "Above all, my brothers and sisters, do not swear...
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = religion-ethics
# lesson = 088-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	James	James	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	_
5	Above	above	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	sisters	sister	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
13	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=15:aux|HaikuPos=AUX:VB:Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	swear	swear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
16	...	...	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: warn
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=warn

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | James |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **swear** *in a quote* | present · do-support |  |  |  | all |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:088-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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