--- title: Israel's leaders were tricked by the Gibeonites into a treaty but ke… — Vows, oaths and promises in faith · tree and pragmatics description: Israel's leaders were tricked by the Gibeonites into a treaty but kept it: "We have given them our oath by the Lord... we cannot touch them now" (Joshua 9:19); today most laws say a promise won by trickery does not bind. Who acts: Gibeonites, We, most laws, promise. A sentence of the lesson «Vows, o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/88-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Religion ethics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/) / [Vows, oaths and promises in faith](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/88-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith/) / 18 # Vows, oaths and promises in faith, sentence 18 Israel's leaders were tricked by the Gibeonites into a treaty but kept it: "We have given them our oath by the Lord... we cannot touch them now" (Joshua 9:19); today most laws say a promise won by trickery does not bind. **Who acts:** Gibeonites, We, most laws, promise · **What happens:** trick, keep, give, not touch, say, win · **To what, where:** leaders, treaty, oath, promise · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Vows, oaths and promises in faith» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gibeonites, We, most laws, promise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:religion-ethics:088-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith.lesson:18 # text = Israel's leaders were tricked by the Gibeonites into a treaty but kept it: "We have given them our oath by the Lord... we cannot touch them now" (Joshua 9:19); today most laws say a promise won by trickery does not bind. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = religion-ethics # lesson = 088-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nmod:poss _ _ 2 's 's PART POS _ 1 case _ _ 3 leaders leader NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 4 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 tricked trick VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 by by ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 Gibeonites Gibeonite PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 5 obl:agent _ _ 9 into into ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 treaty treaty NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 12 but but CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 kept keep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 14 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ _ 15 : : PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 16 " " PUNCT `` _ 19 punct _ _ 17 We we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 18 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 19 given give VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 advcl _ _ 20 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 iobj _ _ 21 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 22 oath oath NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 23 by by ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 Lord Lord PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=19:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 26 ... ... PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 27 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 28 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 30 aux _ _ 29 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 30 advmod _ _ 30 touch touch VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 advcl _ _ 31 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ _ 32 now now ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 33 " " PUNCT '' _ 32 punct _ _ 34 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 35 punct _ _ 35 Joshua Joshua PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 parataxis _ _ 36 9:19 9:19 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 35 flat _ _ 37 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 35 punct _ _ 38 ; ; PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 39 today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=41:compound 40 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 41 amod _ _ 41 laws law NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 nsubj _ _ 42 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 43 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 promise promise NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 nsubj _ _ 45 won win VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 44 acl _ _ 46 by by ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 47 trickery trickery NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obl _ _ 48 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 50 aux _ _ 49 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 50 advmod _ _ 50 bind bind VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 42 ccomp _ _ 51 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **trick** | past · passive | the Gibeonites | Israel's leaders | | | | into a treaty *result* | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent subject=Patient into treaty=Result | | 2 | **keep** | past | the Gibeonites *not said here* | treaty | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | | 3 | **give** *in a quote* | present · perfect | We | our oath | leaders *= leader* | | | by the Lord | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient oath=Theme | | 4 | **not** **touch** *in a quote* | can | we | leaders *= leader* | | | now | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Co-Theme | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | most laws | | | | today | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **win** | participle | | a promise *not said here* | | | | by trickery | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **not** **bind** | present · do-support | a promise | | | | | | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:088-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Vows, oaths and promises in faith, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/88-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith/17/) - next →: [Vows, oaths and promises in faith, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/88-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/88-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith/)