--- title: Courts make witnesses swear "the truth, the whole truth and nothing… — Vows, oaths and promises in faith · tree and pragmatics description: Courts make witnesses swear "the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth" because someone's freedom depends on it; in UK courts you may swear on a holy book or make a non-religious promise called an affirmation. Who acts: Courts, witnesses, freedom, you. A sentence of the lesson «Vows, oath --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/88-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Religion ethics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/) / [Vows, oaths and promises in faith](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/88-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith/) / 2 # Vows, oaths and promises in faith, sentence 2 Courts make witnesses swear "the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth" because someone's freedom depends on it; in UK courts you may swear on a holy book or make a non-religious promise called an affirmation. **Who acts:** Courts, witnesses, freedom, you, non-religious promise · **What happens:** make, swear, depend, call · **To what, where:** truth, UK courts, non-religious promise, affirmation · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Vows, oaths and promises in faith» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Courts, witnesses, freedom, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:religion-ethics:088-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith.lesson:2 # text = Courts make witnesses swear "the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth" because someone's freedom depends on it; in UK courts you may swear on a holy book or make a non-religious promise called an affirmation. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = religion-ethics # lesson = 088-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Courts court NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 witnesses witness NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 swear swear VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:ccomp|HaikuPos=VERB:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 " " PUNCT `` _ 7 punct _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 truth truth NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 whole whole ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 truth truth NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:parataxis 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 nothing nothing PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 11 conj _ _ 14 but but ADP IN _ 16 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:cc|HaikuPos=CCONJ:CC:_ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 truth truth NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 conj _ _ 17 " " PUNCT '' _ 16 punct _ _ 18 because because SCONJ IN _ 22 mark _ _ 19 someone someone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 21 nmod:poss _ _ 20 's 's PART POS _ 19 case _ _ 21 freedom freedom NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 22 depends depend VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:advcl 23 on on ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 26 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 UK UK PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 courts court NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 29 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 30 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 31 swear swear VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 parataxis _ _ 32 on on ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 holy holy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 book book NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 36 or or CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 37 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 31 conj _ _ 38 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 39 non-religious non-religious ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 promise promise NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 41 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 40 acl _ _ 42 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 affirmation affirmation NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 xcomp _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | present | Courts | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **swear** | infinitive | witnesses | the truth and the whole truth | | | | | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent truth=Eventuality | | 3 | **depend** | present | someone's freedom | | | | | on truth | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on it=Theme | | 4 | **swear** | may | you | | | UK courts | | on a holy book | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **make** | infinitive | you *not said here* | a non-religious promise | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset promise=Product | | 6 | **call** | participle | a non-religious promise *not said here* | a affirmation | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:088-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Vows, oaths and promises in faith, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/88-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith/1/) - next →: [Vows, oaths and promises in faith, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/88-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/88-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith/)