--- title: In UK courts people may swear on a holy book or make a non-religious… — Vows, oaths and promises in faith · tree and pragmatics description: In UK courts people may swear on a holy book or make a non-religious affirmation; lying in court is perjury, a crime; witnesses promise «the whole truth» because leaving out important parts can mislead too. Who acts: people, lying, witnesses, leaving. A sentence of the lesson «Vows, oaths and promis --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/88-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Religion ethics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/) / [Vows, oaths and promises in faith](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/88-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith/) / 8 # Vows, oaths and promises in faith, sentence 8 In UK courts people may swear on a holy book or make a non-religious affirmation; lying in court is perjury, a crime; witnesses promise «the whole truth» because leaving out important parts can mislead too. **Who acts:** people, lying, witnesses, leaving · **What happens:** swear, make, lie, be, promise, leave out · **To what, where:** UK courts, non-religious affirmation, court, perjury, whole truth, important parts This is a sentence of the lesson «Vows, oaths and promises in faith» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, lying, witnesses, leaving), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:religion-ethics:088-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith.lesson:8 # text = In UK courts people may swear on a holy book or make a non-religious affirmation; lying in court is perjury, a crime; witnesses promise «the whole truth» because leaving out important parts can mislead too. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = religion-ethics # lesson = 088-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 UK UK PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 courts court NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 4 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 5 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _ 6 swear swear VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 7 on on ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 holy holy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 book book NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 11 or or CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 conj _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 14 non-religious non-religious ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 affirmation affirmation NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 17 lying lie VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 21 csubj _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 court court NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 20 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 21 perjury perjury NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 parataxis _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 crime crime NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 conj _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 26 witnesses witness NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 27 promise promise VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 28 « « PUNCT `` _ 31 punct _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 whole whole ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 truth truth NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 32 » » PUNCT '' _ 31 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=34:punct 33 because because SCONJ IN _ 39 mark _ _ 34 leaving leave VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 39 csubj _ _ 35 out out ADP RP _ 34 compound:prt _ _ 36 important important ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 amod _ _ 37 parts part NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obj _ _ 38 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 39 aux _ _ 39 mislead mislead VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 advcl _ _ 40 too too ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **swear** | may | people | | | UK courts | | on a holy book | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **make** | infinitive | people *not said here* | a non-religious affirmation | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset affirmation=Product | | 3 | **lie** | gerund | | | | court | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in court=Location | | 4 | **is a** | present | lying | perjury and a crime | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **promise** *speech: promise* | present | witnesses | the whole truth | | | | | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent truth=Theme | | 6 | **leave out** | gerund | | important parts | | | | | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme | | 7 | **mislead** | can | leaving | | | | | | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:088-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Vows, oaths and promises in faith, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/88-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith/7/) - next →: [Vows, oaths and promises in faith, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/88-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/88-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith/)