---
title: Jesus said, "Do not swear an oath at all... — Vows, oaths and promises in faith · tree and pragmatics
description: Jesus said, "Do not swear an oath at all... Who acts: Jesus. A sentence of the lesson «Vows, oaths and promises in faith» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Vows, oaths and promises in faith, sentence 9

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Jesus said, "Do not swear an oath at all...

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**Who acts:** Jesus · **What happens:** say, not swear · **To what, where:** oath, all · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Vows, oaths and promises in faith» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jesus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:religion-ethics:088-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith.lesson:9
# text = Jesus said, "Do not swear an oath at all...
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = religion-ethics
# lesson = 088-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	swear	swear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	obl	_	_
12	...	...	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Jesus |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **swear** *in a quote* | infinitive · do-support |  | a oath |  | all |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent oath=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:088-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith.lesson:9`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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