--- title: "Do not help a guilty person by being a malicious witness. — Why cheating hurts the cheat · tree and pragmatics description: "Do not help a guilty person by being a malicious witness. Who acts: you. A sentence of the lesson «Why cheating hurts the cheat» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/94-why-cheating-hurts-the-cheat/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Religion ethics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/) / [Why cheating hurts the cheat](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/94-why-cheating-hurts-the-cheat/) / 12 # Why cheating hurts the cheat, sentence 12 "Do not help a guilty person by being a malicious witness. **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** not help, be · **To what, where:** guilty person, malicious witness This is a sentence of the lesson «Why cheating hurts the cheat» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:religion-ethics:094-why-cheating-hurts-the-cheat.lesson:12 # text = "Do not help a guilty person by being a malicious witness. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = religion-ethics # lesson = 094-why-cheating-hurts-the-cheat.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 4 punct _ _ 2 Do do AUX VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:aux|HaikuPos=AUX:VBP:Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 3 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 4 advmod _ _ 4 help help VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 guilty guilty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 person person NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 8 by by SCONJ IN _ 12 mark _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 9 being be AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 12 cop _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 malicious malicious ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 witness witness NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:obl 13 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **help** *in a quote* | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | | a guilty person | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Beneficiary | | 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | gerund | you *not said here* | a malicious witness | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:religion-ethics:094-why-cheating-hurts-the-cheat.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Why cheating hurts the cheat, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/94-why-cheating-hurts-the-cheat/11/) - next →: [Why cheating hurts the cheat, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/94-why-cheating-hurts-the-cheat/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/94-why-cheating-hurts-the-cheat/)