---
title: The Sun's visible surface, the photosphere, is about 5,500 degrees C… — The Sun, our star · tree and pragmatics
description: The Sun's visible surface, the photosphere, is about 5,500 degrees Celsius, but its thin outer atmosphere, the corona, is over a million degrees; exactly why the corona is so hot is still being studied. Who acts: visible surface, thin outer atmosphere, corona. A sentence of the lesson «The Sun, our 
---

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# The Sun, our star, sentence 11

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sun's visible surface, the photosphere, is about 5,500 degrees Celsius, but its thin outer atmosphere, the corona, is over a million degrees; exactly why the corona is so hot is still being studied.

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**Who acts:** visible surface, thin outer atmosphere, corona · **What happens:** be, study · **To what, where:** 5,500 degrees, million degrees

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Sun, our star» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (visible surface, thin outer atmosphere, corona), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:space:001-the-sun-our-star.lesson:11
# text = The Sun's visible surface, the photosphere, is about 5,500 degrees Celsius, but its thin outer atmosphere, the corona, is over a million degrees; exactly why the corona is so hot is still being studied.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = space
# lesson = 001-the-sun-our-star.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	_
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	visible	visible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	photosphere	photosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	about	about	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	5,500	5,500	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
14	Celsius	Celsius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod:unmarked	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
17	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
18	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	outer	outer	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	corona	corona	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=20:conj
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
26	over	over	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	nummod	_	_
29	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
30	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
31	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=37:advmod
32	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	37	advmod	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	corona	corona	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
35	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	cop	_	_
36	so	so	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
37	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	advcl	_	_
38	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
39	still	still	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
40	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	41	aux:pass	_	_
41	studied	study	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	parataxis	_	_
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Sun's visible surface | 5,500 degrees but million degrees |  |  |  | Celsius *nmod:unmarked* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Sun's thin outer atmosphere | million degrees |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | the corona |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **study** | present · progressive · passive |  |  |  |  | still |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:001-the-sun-our-star.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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