--- title: Sunspots are darker, cooler patches where strong magnetic fields sto… — The Sun, our star · tree and pragmatics description: Sunspots are darker, cooler patches where strong magnetic fields stop hot gas rising; they look black only because the rest of the Sun is brighter, and many are bigger than the Earth. Who acts: Sunspots, strong magnetic fields, rest, many. A sentence of the lesson «The Sun, our star» of the space co --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/1-the-sun-our-star/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/) / [The Sun, our star](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/1-the-sun-our-star/) / 12 # The Sun, our star, sentence 12 Sunspots are darker, cooler patches where strong magnetic fields stop hot gas rising; they look black only because the rest of the Sun is brighter, and many are bigger than the Earth. **Who acts:** Sunspots, strong magnetic fields, rest, many · **What happens:** be, stop, rise, look · **To what, where:** hot gas This is a sentence of the lesson «The Sun, our star» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sunspots, strong magnetic fields, rest, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:space:001-the-sun-our-star.lesson:12 # text = Sunspots are darker, cooler patches where strong magnetic fields stop hot gas rising; they look black only because the rest of the Sun is brighter, and many are bigger than the Earth. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = space # lesson = 001-the-sun-our-star.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Sunspots sunspot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 darker dark ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 0 root _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 5 cooler cool ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 6 amod _ _ 6 patches patch NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 7 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 11 advmod _ _ 8 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 9 magnetic magnetic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 fields field NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ _ 11 stop stop VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 acl:relcl _ _ 12 hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 gas gas NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 14 rising rise VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 11 xcomp _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 17 look look VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 18 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 xcomp _ _ 19 only only ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 20 because because SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 rest rest NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 23 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 Sun Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 26 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 27 brighter bright ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 17 advcl _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 30 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 nsubj _ _ 31 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 cop _ _ 32 bigger big ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 27 conj _ _ 33 than than ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Sunspots | | | | | cooler patches *obl*; dark *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **stop** | present | strong magnetic fields | hot gas | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **rise** | gerund | strong magnetic fields *not said here* | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **look** | present | sunspots *= sunspot* | | | | | black *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | | 5 | **is** | present | the rest of the Sun | | | | | bright *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **is** | present | many | | | | | than the Earth; big *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:001-the-sun-our-star.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Sun, our star, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/1-the-sun-our-star/11/) - next →: [The Sun, our star, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/1-the-sun-our-star/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/1-the-sun-our-star/)