--- title: Each is different: Io is covered in erupting volcanoes, Europa hides… — Jupiter's moons · tree and pragmatics description: Each is different: Io is covered in erupting volcanoes, Europa hides an ocean under its ice, Ganymede is the biggest moon of all, and Callisto is battered with craters. Who acts: Each, Europa, Ganymede. A sentence of the lesson «Jupiter's moons» of the space course of Mova's primary school with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/11-jupiters-moons/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/) / [Jupiter's moons](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/11-jupiters-moons/) / 2 # Jupiter's moons, sentence 2 Each is different: Io is covered in erupting volcanoes, Europa hides an ocean under its ice, Ganymede is the biggest moon of all, and Callisto is battered with craters. **Who acts:** Each, Europa, Ganymede · **What happens:** be, cover, erupt, hide, batter · **To what, where:** Io, ocean, ice, biggest moon, Callisto This is a sentence of the lesson «Jupiter's moons» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Each, Europa, Ganymede), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:space:011-jupiters-moons.lesson:2 # text = Each is different: Io is covered in erupting volcanoes, Europa hides an ocean under its ice, Ganymede is the biggest moon of all, and Callisto is battered with craters. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = space # lesson = 011-jupiters-moons.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Each each DET DT PronType=Tot 3 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:nsubj|HaikuPos=PRON:DT:PronType=Tot 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 different different ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 4 : : PUNCT : _ 3 punct _ _ 5 Io Io PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj:pass _ _ 6 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux:pass _ _ 7 covered cover VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:advcl 8 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 erupting erupt VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 10 amod _ _ 10 volcanoes volcano NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 Europa Europa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 13 hides hide VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 14 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 ocean ocean NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 16 under under ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:nmod 19 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 20 Ganymede Ganymede PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 21 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 cop _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 23 biggest big ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 24 amod _ _ 24 moon moon NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 24 nmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=24:nmod|HaikuPos=PRON:DT:PronType=Tot 27 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 29 Callisto Callisto PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 nsubj:pass _ _ 30 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux:pass _ _ 31 battered batter VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 conj _ _ 32 with with ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 craters crater NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Each | | | | | different *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **cover** | present · passive | | Io | | | | in erupting volcanoes | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in volcano=Theme | | 3 | **erupt** | gerund | | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **hide** | present | Europa | a ocean | | ocean's ice | | | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent ocean=Patient under ice=Location | | 5 | **is a** | present | Ganymede | the biggest moon | | | | of all | tree rules | | 6 | **batter** | present · passive | | Callisto | | | | with craters | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with crater=Instrument | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:011-jupiters-moons.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Jupiter's moons, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/11-jupiters-moons/1/) - next →: [Jupiter's moons, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/11-jupiters-moons/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/11-jupiters-moons/)