---
title: Europa has an icy crust over a salty ocean of liquid water that may… — Jupiter's moons · tree and pragmatics
description: Europa has an icy crust over a salty ocean of liquid water that may hold about twice as much water as all the Earth's oceans. Who acts: Europa, salty ocean. A sentence of the lesson «Jupiter's moons» of the space course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# Jupiter's moons, sentence 9

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Europa has an icy crust over a salty ocean of liquid water that may hold about twice as much water as all the Earth's oceans.

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**Who acts:** Europa, salty ocean · **What happens:** have, hold · **To what, where:** icy crust, salty ocean, much water

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Jupiter's moons» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Europa, salty ocean), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:space:011-jupiters-moons.lesson:9
# text = Europa has an icy crust over a salty ocean of liquid water that may hold about twice as much water as all the Earth's oceans.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = space
# lesson = 011-jupiters-moons.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Europa	Europa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	crust	crust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	salty	salty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	liquid	liquid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
14	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl:relcl	_	_
16	about	about	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	19	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:advmod
18	as	as	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
21	as	as	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
22	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	26	det:predet	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod:poss	_	_
25	's	's	PART	POS	_	24	case	_	_
26	oceans	ocean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Europa | a icy crust |  | a salty ocean of liquid water |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crust=Patient |
| 2 | **hold** | may | a salty ocean of liquid water | much water |  |  |  | as the Earth's oceans | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:011-jupiters-moons.lesson:9`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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