--- title: The rings have gaps swept clear by the pull of Saturn's moons, and t… — Saturn and its rings · tree and pragmatics description: The rings have gaps swept clear by the pull of Saturn's moons, and they slowly lose ice that rains into the planet, so scientists still argue about how old they are. Who acts: rings, ice, scientists. A sentence of the lesson «Saturn and its rings» of the space course of Mova's primary school with it --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/12-saturn-and-its-rings/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/) / [Saturn and its rings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/12-saturn-and-its-rings/) / 4 # Saturn and its rings, sentence 4 The rings have gaps swept clear by the pull of Saturn's moons, and they slowly lose ice that rains into the planet, so scientists still argue about how old they are. **Who acts:** rings, ice, scientists · **What happens:** have, sweep, lose, rain, argue, be · **To what, where:** gaps, ice, planet, moons This is a sentence of the lesson «Saturn and its rings» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rings, ice, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:space:012-saturn-and-its-rings.lesson:4 # text = The rings have gaps swept clear by the pull of Saturn's moons, and they slowly lose ice that rains into the planet, so scientists still argue about how old they are. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = space # lesson = 012-saturn-and-its-rings.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 rings ring NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 gaps gap NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 swept sweep VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 acl _ _ 6 clear clear ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 xcomp _ _ 7 by by ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 pull pull NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:obl 10 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 11 Saturn Saturn PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 nmod:poss _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:nmod:poss|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 12 's 's PART POS _ 11 case _ _ 13 moons moon NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nmod _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 16 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 17 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 18 lose lose VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 19 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 20 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 21 nsubj _ _ 21 rains rain VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 acl:relcl _ _ 22 into into ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 planet planet NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=3:punct 26 so so ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 27 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 28 still still ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 29 argue argue VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 30 about about ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 32 advmod _ _ 32 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 obl _ _ 33 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 34 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 cop _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | the rings | gaps | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gap=Patient | | 2 | **sweep** | participle | | gaps *not said here* | | | | by the pull of Saturn's moons; clear *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by pull=Trajectory | | 3 | **lose** | present | rings *= ring* | ice | | | | slowly *property* | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ice=Eventuality | | 4 | **rain** | present | ice | | | the planet | | | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» | | 5 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | present | scientists | | | | still | | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **is** | present | rings *= ring* | | | | | old *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **pull** | | | Saturn's moons | | | | | nom pull «act transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:012-saturn-and-its-rings.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Saturn and its rings, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/12-saturn-and-its-rings/3/) - next →: [Saturn and its rings, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/12-saturn-and-its-rings/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/12-saturn-and-its-rings/)