---
title: Saturn's rings are made of countless chunks of water ice, from tiny… — Saturn and its rings · tree and pragmatics
description: Saturn's rings are made of countless chunks of water ice, from tiny grains to pieces as big as a house, and the ice makes them shine brightly, as fresh snow does; dark rock would look much dimmer. Who acts: ice, rings, fresh snow, dark rock. A sentence of the lesson «Saturn and its rings» of the spa
---

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# Saturn and its rings, sentence 8

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Saturn's rings are made of countless chunks of water ice, from tiny grains to pieces as big as a house, and the ice makes them shine brightly, as fresh snow does; dark rock would look much dimmer.

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**Who acts:** ice, rings, fresh snow, dark rock · **What happens:** make, shine, do, look · **To what, where:** rings

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Saturn and its rings» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ice, rings, fresh snow, dark rock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:space:012-saturn-and-its-rings.lesson:8
# text = Saturn's rings are made of countless chunks of water ice, from tiny grains to pieces as big as a house, and the ice makes them shine brightly, as fresh snow does; dark rock would look much dimmer.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = space
# lesson = 012-saturn-and-its-rings.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Saturn	saturn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	rings	ring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	countless	countless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	chunks	chunk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	grains	grain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:conj
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
18	as	as	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
20	as	as	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
27	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
28	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	shine	shine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	xcomp	_	_
30	brightly	brightly	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	35	mark	_	_
33	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
35	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	advcl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:conj
36	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
37	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj	_	_
39	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
40	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	parataxis	_	_
41	much	much	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
42	dimmer	dimmer	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	40	xcomp	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Saturn's rings |  |  |  | of countless chunks of water ice from tiny grains to pieces | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **make** | present | the ice | rings *= ring* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **shine** | infinitive | rings *= ring* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | brightly *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **do** | present | fresh snow |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **look** | would | dark rock |  |  |  |  | dimmer *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:012-saturn-and-its-rings.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Saturn and its rings, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/12-saturn-and-its-rings/7/)
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