---
title: Most stars in our galaxy are red dwarfs, smaller, cooler and dimmer… — Stars: what they are · tree and pragmatics
description: Most stars in our galaxy are red dwarfs, smaller, cooler and dimmer than the Sun, and not one of them is bright enough to see with the naked eye. Who acts: Most stars, one. A sentence of the lesson «Stars: what they are» of the space course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# Stars: what they are, sentence 11

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most stars in our galaxy are red dwarfs, smaller, cooler and dimmer than the Sun, and not one of them is bright enough to see with the naked eye.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Most stars, one · **What happens:** be, see · **To what, where:** red dwarfs

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Stars: what they are» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most stars, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:space:017-stars-what-they-are.lesson:11
# text = Most stars in our galaxy are red dwarfs, smaller, cooler and dimmer than the Sun, and not one of them is bright enough to see with the naked eye.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = space
# lesson = 017-stars-what-they-are.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	galaxy	galaxy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	dwarfs	dwarf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	conj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	cooler	cool	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:conj
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	dimmer	dim	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	conj	_	_
15	than	than	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
20	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
21	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	25	nsubj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nmod	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
25	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:parataxis
26	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	advcl	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	naked	naked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Most stars in our galaxy | red dwarfs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Most stars in our galaxy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | one of dwarfs |  |  |  |  | bright, enough *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **see** | to-infinitive | one of dwarfs *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the naked eye | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:017-stars-what-they-are.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Stars: what they are, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/17-stars-what-they-are/10/)
- next →: [Stars: what they are, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/17-stars-what-they-are/12/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/17-stars-what-they-are/)