--- title: Stars twinkle because their light passes through moving layers of wa… — Stars: what they are · tree and pragmatics description: Stars twinkle because their light passes through moving layers of warm and cool air that bend it this way and that, like a coin at the bottom of a wobbling pool. Who acts: Stars, light, moving layers, hydrogen. A sentence of the lesson «Stars: what they are» of the space course of Mova's primary sch --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/17-stars-what-they-are/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/) / [Stars: what they are](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/17-stars-what-they-are/) / 3 # Stars: what they are, sentence 3 Stars twinkle because their light passes through moving layers of warm and cool air that bend it this way and that, like a coin at the bottom of a wobbling pool. **Who acts:** Stars, light, moving layers, hydrogen · **What happens:** twinkle, pass, move, bend, wobble, light · **To what, where:** moving layers, star This is a sentence of the lesson «Stars: what they are» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stars, light, moving layers, hydrogen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:space:017-stars-what-they-are.lesson:3 # text = Stars twinkle because their light passes through moving layers of warm and cool air that bend it this way and that, like a coin at the bottom of a wobbling pool. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = space # lesson = 017-stars-what-they-are.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Stars star NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 twinkle twinkle VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 because because SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _ 4 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 5 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 passes pass VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 7 through through ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 moving move VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 9 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=9:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 9 layers layer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 11 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 cool cool ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 conj _ _ 14 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 15 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 16 nsubj _ _ 16 bend bend VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 acl:relcl _ _ 17 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ _ 18 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 19 det _ _ 19 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl:unmarked _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 19 conj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 23 like like ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 coin coin NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 parataxis _ _ 26 at at ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 bottom bottom NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nmod _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 31 wobbling wobble VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 32 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=32:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 32 pool pool NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **twinkle** | present | Stars | | | | | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **pass** | present | hydrogen's light | | | moving layers of warm air | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through layer=Location | | 3 | **move** | gerund | | | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **bend** | present | moving layers of warm air | star | | | | this way *obl:unmarked* | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent it=Material | | 5 | **wobble** | gerund | | | | | | | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **light** | | hydrogen | | | | | | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:017-stars-what-they-are.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Stars: what they are, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/17-stars-what-they-are/2/) - next →: [Stars: what they are, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/17-stars-what-they-are/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/17-stars-what-they-are/)