--- title: A star's mass decides how long it lives: a star 10 times heavier tha… — How stars live · tree and pragmatics description: A star's mass decides how long it lives: a star 10 times heavier than the Sun lasts only about 20 to 30 million years, while small red dwarfs can last trillions of years. Who acts: mass, star, small red dwarfs. A sentence of the lesson «How stars live» of the space course of Mova's primary school wi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/18-how-stars-live/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/) / [How stars live](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/18-how-stars-live/) / 11 # How stars live, sentence 11 A star's mass decides how long it lives: a star 10 times heavier than the Sun lasts only about 20 to 30 million years, while small red dwarfs can last trillions of years. **Who acts:** mass, star, small red dwarfs · **What happens:** decide, live, last · **To what, where:** trillions · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «How stars live» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mass, star, small red dwarfs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:space:018-how-stars-live.lesson:11 # text = A star's mass decides how long it lives: a star 10 times heavier than the Sun lasts only about 20 to 30 million years, while small red dwarfs can last trillions of years. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = space # lesson = 018-how-stars-live.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 star star NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod:poss _ _ 3 's 's PART POS _ 2 case _ _ 4 mass mass NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 decides decide VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 7 advmod _ _ 7 long long ADV RB Degree=Pos 9 advmod _ _ 8 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 9 lives live VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 ccomp _ _ 10 : : PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 star star NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 13 10 10 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 14 nummod _ _ 14 times time NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl:unmarked _ _ 15 heavier heavy ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 12 amod _ _ 16 than than ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 Sun Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 19 lasts last VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ _ 20 only only ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 21 about about ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 22 20 20 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 25 compound _ _ 23 to to ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 30 30 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 22 nmod _ _ 25 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 26 nummod _ _ 26 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl:unmarked _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 28 while while SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 29 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 30 red red ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 dwarfs dwarf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ _ 32 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 33 aux _ _ 33 last last VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 advcl _ _ 34 trillions trillion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obj _ _ 35 of of ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nmod _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **decide** | present | a star's mass | | | | | | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **live** | present | mass | | | | | long *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **last** | present | a star | | | | year | | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **last** | can | small red dwarfs | trillions of years | | | | | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme trillion=Value | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:018-how-stars-live.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How stars live, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/18-how-stars-live/10/) - next →: [How stars live, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/18-how-stars-live/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/18-how-stars-live/)