---
title: In about 5 billion years the Sun will become a red giant, swallowing… — How stars die · tree and pragmatics
description: In about 5 billion years the Sun will become a red giant, swallowing Mercury and Venus and possibly the Earth. Who acts: Sun, red giant. A sentence of the lesson «How stars die» of the space course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# How stars die, sentence 6

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In about 5 billion years the Sun will become a red giant, swallowing Mercury and Venus and possibly the Earth.

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**Who acts:** Sun, red giant · **What happens:** become, swallow · **To what, where:** red giant, Mercury

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This is a sentence of the lesson «How stars die» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sun, red giant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:space:019-how-stars-die.lesson:6
# text = In about 5 billion years the Sun will become a red giant, swallowing Mercury and Venus and possibly the Earth.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = space
# lesson = 019-how-stars-die.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	about	about	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	compound	_	_
4	billion	billion	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	giant	giant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	xcomp	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	swallowing	swallow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
15	Mercury	Mercury	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	Venus	Venus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	possibly	possibly	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- hedged: yes
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | future | the Sun | a red giant |  |  | year |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **swallow** | gerund | a red giant *not said here* | Mercury and Venus and the Earth |  |  |  |  | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mercury=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:019-how-stars-die.lesson:6`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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