--- title: In spring Leo appears in the south with his backwards question mark,… — Constellations and the night sky in winter and s… · tree and pragmatics description: In spring Leo appears in the south with his backwards question mark, the Sickle; and the curve of the Plough's handle leads you to "arc to Arcturus" and "speed on to Spica". Who acts: Leo, curve. A sentence of the lesson «Constellations and the night sky in winter and spring» of the space course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/20-constellations-and-the-night-sky-in-winter-and-spring/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/) / [Constellations and the night sky in wi…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/20-constellations-and-the-night-sky-in-winter-and-spring/) / 4 # Constellations and the night sky in winter and spring, sentence 4 In spring Leo appears in the south with his backwards question mark, the Sickle; and the curve of the Plough's handle leads you to "arc to Arcturus" and "speed on to Spica". **Who acts:** Leo, curve · **What happens:** appear, lead, speed on, mark · **To what, where:** south, you, Spica This is a sentence of the lesson «Constellations and the night sky in winter and spring» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leo, curve), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:space:020-constellations-and-the-night-sky-in-winter-and-spring.lesson:4 # text = In spring Leo appears in the south with his backwards question mark, the Sickle; and the curve of the Plough's handle leads you to "arc to Arcturus" and "speed on to Spica". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = space # lesson = 020-constellations-and-the-night-sky-in-winter-and-spring.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 spring spring NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 3 Leo Leo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 appears appear VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 south south NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 with with ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 9 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _ 10 backwards backward NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 compound _ _ 11 question question NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 mark mark NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 Sickle Sickle PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 appos _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:obl 16 ; ; PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 curve curve NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 Plough Plough PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 nmod:poss _ _ 23 's 's PART POS _ 22 case _ _ 24 handle handle NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 25 leads lead VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 26 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ _ 27 to to PART TO _ 29 mark _ _ 28 " " PUNCT `` _ 29 punct _ _ 29 arc arc NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 xcomp _ _ 30 to to ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 Arcturus Arcturus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 nmod _ _ 32 " " PUNCT '' _ 29 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=31:punct 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 34 " " PUNCT `` _ 35 punct _ _ 35 speed speed VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=29:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 36 on on ADP RP _ 35 compound:prt _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=38:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 37 to to ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 Spica Spica PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=35:nmod 39 " " PUNCT '' _ 35 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=38:punct 40 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **appear** | present | Leo | | | the south | spring | with Leo's question mark | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in south=Location | | 2 | **lead** | present | the curve of the Plough's handle | you | | | | | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme | | 3 | **speed on** *in a quote* | infinitive | the curve of the Plough's handle *not said here* | | Spica | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent to spica=Result | | 4 | **mark** | | Leo | | | | | | nom mark «cognition transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:020-constellations-and-the-night-sky-in-winter-and-spring.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Constellations and the night sky in wi…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/20-constellations-and-the-night-sky-in-winter-and-spring/3/) - next →: [Constellations and the night sky in wi…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/20-constellations-and-the-night-sky-in-winter-and-spring/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/20-constellations-and-the-night-sky-in-winter-and-spring/)