---
title: There is no bright south pole star, so southern observers find south… — The night sky in summer and autumn, and the sout… · tree and pragmatics
description: There is no bright south pole star, so southern observers find south using the long arm of the Southern Cross and the two Pointers, Alpha and Beta Centauri. Who acts: bright pole star, southern observers. A sentence of the lesson «The night sky in summer and autumn, and the southern sky» of the spac
---

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# The night sky in summer and autumn, and the southern sky, sentence 15

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is no bright south pole star, so southern observers find south using the long arm of the Southern Cross and the two Pointers, Alpha and Beta Centauri.

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**Who acts:** bright pole star, southern observers · **What happens:** be, find, use · **To what, where:** long arm

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The night sky in summer and autumn, and the southern sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bright pole star, southern observers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:space:021-the-night-sky-in-summer-and-autumn-and-the-southern-sky.lesson:15
# text = There is no bright south pole star, so southern observers find south using the long arm of the Southern Cross and the two Pointers, Alpha and Beta Centauri.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = space
# lesson = 021-the-night-sky-in-summer-and-autumn-and-the-southern-sky.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
4	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	pole	pole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	observers	observer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
13	south	south	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	advcl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:xcomp
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	Southern	Southern	PROPN	NNP	_	21	flat	_	_
21	Cross	Cross	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	25	nummod	_	_
25	Pointers	pointer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	Alpha	Alpha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	Beta	Beta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
30	Centauri	Centauri	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	flat	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | no bright pole star |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | present | southern observers |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **use** | gerund | southern observers *not said here* | the long arm of the Southern Cross and the two Pointers |  |  |  | south *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:021-the-night-sky-in-summer-and-autumn-and-the-southern-sky.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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