--- title: Galaxies and the Big Bang — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «Galaxies and the Big Bang», a lesson of the space course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: Just a hundred years ago many astronomers thought our Milky Way was the whole universe, until Edwin Hubble showed that faint "nebulae" were other --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/) / Galaxies and the Big Bang # Galaxies and the Big Bang Lesson 24 of the space course of Mova's primary school: 15 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/0/) — Just a hundred years ago many astronomers thought our Milky Way was the whole universe, until Edwin Hubble showed that faint "nebulae" were other galaxies far away. - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/1/) — Now we know there are hundreds of billions of galaxies, and they are all moving apart: the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it goes. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/2/) — Think of a raisin cake rising in the oven: as the dough swells, every raisin moves away from every other, and far raisins move apart fastest. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/3/) — Run the film backwards and everything was once squeezed together, extremely hot and dense, about 13.8 billion years ago: that is the Big Bang theory. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/4/) — The Big Bang was not a bomb going off in one spot, but all of space stretching at once, everywhere, and still stretching today. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/5/) — Until the 1920s many astronomers thought the Milky Way was the whole universe. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/7/) — There are hundreds of billions of galaxies in the part of the universe we can see, and some estimates go up to about two trillion. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/8/) — Galaxies come in main shapes: spirals like ours, round or oval ellipticals, and shapeless irregulars. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/9/) — Galaxies are moving apart from each other, and the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it moves away: twice as far, about twice as fast. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/10/) — About 13.8 billion years ago the universe was extremely hot and dense, and it has been expanding and cooling ever since; this is the Big Bang theory. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/11/) — The Big Bang was not an explosion at one point into empty space, but the stretching of all of space at once, everywhere. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/14/) — The James Webb Space Telescope has seen galaxies as they were only about 300 million years after the Big Bang. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/15/) — In 1995 the Hubble Space Telescope stared for days at a tiny dark patch of sky and found about 3,000 galaxies there. - [16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/16/) — Galaxies spin so fast that their visible stars and gas cannot hold them together, so astronomers think they contain invisible dark matter, about five times as much as ordinary matter. - [17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/17/) — Nobody yet knows what dark matter is made of. - ← previous: [The Milky Way](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/23-the-milky-way/) - next →: [Black holes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/25-black-holes/) - ↑ back to [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/)