--- title: Just a hundred years ago many astronomers thought our Milky Way was… — Galaxies and the Big Bang · tree and pragmatics description: Just a hundred years ago many astronomers thought our Milky Way was the whole universe, until Edwin Hubble showed that faint "nebulae" were other galaxies far away. Who acts: many astronomers, Milky Way, Edwin, faint. A sentence of the lesson «Galaxies and the Big Bang» of the space course of Mova's --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/) / [Galaxies and the Big Bang](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/) / 0 # Galaxies and the Big Bang, sentence 0 Just a hundred years ago many astronomers thought our Milky Way was the whole universe, until Edwin Hubble showed that faint "nebulae" were other galaxies far away. **Who acts:** many astronomers, Milky Way, Edwin, faint · **What happens:** think, be, show · **To what, where:** whole universe, other galaxies · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Galaxies and the Big Bang» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many astronomers, Milky Way, Edwin, faint), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:space:024-galaxies-and-the-big-bang.lesson:0 # text = Just a hundred years ago many astronomers thought our Milky Way was the whole universe, until Edwin Hubble showed that faint "nebulae" were other galaxies far away. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = space # lesson = 024-galaxies-and-the-big-bang.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Just just ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 2 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 hundred hundred NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 4 nummod _ _ 4 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:obl:unmarked 5 ago ago ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:advmod 6 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 astronomers astronomer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 8 thought think VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 10 Milky milky ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 Way Way PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=15:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 12 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 cop _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 14 whole whole ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 universe universe NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 ccomp _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 17 until until SCONJ IN _ 20 mark _ _ 18 Edwin Edwin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 19 Hubble Hubble PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 flat _ _ 20 showed show VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:conj 21 that that SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 22 faint faint NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 23 " " PUNCT `` _ 24 punct _ _ 24 nebulae nebula NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 appos _ _ 25 " " PUNCT '' _ 24 punct _ _ 26 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 cop _ _ 27 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 galaxies galaxy NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 ccomp _ _ 29 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 30 advmod _ _ 30 away away ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **think** *speech: other* | past | many astronomers | | | | | ago *property* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is a** | past | our Milky Way | the whole universe | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **show** | past | Edwin | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is a** | past | faint | other galaxies | | | | away *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:024-galaxies-and-the-big-bang.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Milky Way, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/23-the-milky-way/14/) - next →: [Galaxies and the Big Bang, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/)