--- title: About 13.8 billion years ago the universe was extremely hot and dens… — Galaxies and the Big Bang · tree and pragmatics description: About 13.8 billion years ago the universe was extremely hot and dense, and it has been expanding and cooling ever since; this is the Big Bang theory. Who acts: universe, this. A sentence of the lesson «Galaxies and the Big Bang» of the space course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/) / [Galaxies and the Big Bang](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/) / 10 # Galaxies and the Big Bang, sentence 10 About 13.8 billion years ago the universe was extremely hot and dense, and it has been expanding and cooling ever since; this is the Big Bang theory. **Who acts:** universe, this · **What happens:** be, expand, cool · **To what, where:** Bang theory This is a sentence of the lesson «Galaxies and the Big Bang» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (universe, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:space:024-galaxies-and-the-big-bang.lesson:10 # text = About 13.8 billion years ago the universe was extremely hot and dense, and it has been expanding and cooling ever since; this is the Big Bang theory. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = space # lesson = 024-galaxies-and-the-big-bang.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 About about ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:advmod 2 13.8 13.8 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Frac 3 compound _ _ 3 billion billion NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 4 nummod _ _ 4 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl:unmarked _ _ 5 ago ago ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 universe universe NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 8 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 cop _ _ 9 extremely extremely ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 10 hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 dense dense ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 conj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 15 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 16 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 17 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 18 aux _ _ 18 expanding expand VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 10 conj _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 cooling cool VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 18 conj _ _ 21 ever ever ADV RB PronType=Ind 18 advmod _ _ 22 since since SCONJ IN _ 21 fixed _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 24 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 29 nsubj _ _ 25 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 cop _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 27 Big Big PROPN NNP _ 28 compound _ _ 28 Bang Bang PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 theory theory NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=10:conj 30 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | the universe | | | | year | extremely, hot *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **be** | | the universe *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **expand** | present · perfect · progressive | universe | | | | ever | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **cool** | gerund | universe *not said here* | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **is a** | present | this | the Bang theory | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:024-galaxies-and-the-big-bang.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Galaxies and the Big Bang, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/9/) - next →: [Galaxies and the Big Bang, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/)