--- title: We cannot see black holes directly, but we see what they do: stars r… — Black holes · tree and pragmatics description: We cannot see black holes directly, but we see what they do: stars racing round nothing visible, gas glowing as it falls in, and ripples in space when two of them crash. Who acts: We, millimetres, stars, star. A sentence of the lesson «Black holes» of the space course of Mova's primary school with i --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/25-black-holes/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/) / [Black holes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/25-black-holes/) / 4 # Black holes, sentence 4 We cannot see black holes directly, but we see what they do: stars racing round nothing visible, gas glowing as it falls in, and ripples in space when two of them crash. **Who acts:** We, millimetres, stars, star, two · **What happens:** not see, see, do, race, glow, fall in · **To what, where:** black holes, nothing · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Black holes» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, millimetres, stars, star), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:space:025-black-holes.lesson:4 # text = We cannot see black holes directly, but we see what they do: stars racing round nothing visible, gas glowing as it falls in, and ripples in space when two of them crash. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = space # lesson = 025-black-holes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 We we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 2 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 4 advmod _ _ 4 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 holes hole NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 7 directly directly ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 but but CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=4:cc 10 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 see see VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 12 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 14 obj _ _ 13 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 14 do do VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 ccomp _ _ 15 : : PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 16 stars star NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 17 racing race VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 14 parataxis _ _ 18 round round ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 19 nothing nothing PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 17 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=17:obj 20 visible visible ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 22 gas gas NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 conj _ _ 23 glowing glow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 17 conj _ _ 24 as as SCONJ IN _ 26 mark _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 26 falls fall VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 advcl _ _ 27 in in ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=26:obl|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 ripples ripple NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 31 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 space space NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nmod _ _ 33 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 37 advmod _ _ 34 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 37 nsubj _ _ 35 of of ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nmod _ _ 37 crash crash VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 advcl _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **see** | can | We | black holes | | | | ripples in space *obl*; directly *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hole=Stimulus | | 2 | **see** | present | we | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 3 | **do** | present | millimetres *= millimetre* | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality | | 4 | **race** | gerund | stars | nothing | | | | round *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **glow** | gerund | stars *not said here* | | | | | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **fall in** | present | star | | | | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **crash** | infinitive | two of millimetres | | | | | | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:025-black-holes.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Black holes, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/25-black-holes/3/) - next →: [Black holes, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/25-black-holes/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/25-black-holes/)