---
title: In 1609-1610 Galileo used a small homemade telescope to discover fou… — Telescopes and light · tree and pragmatics
description: In 1609-1610 Galileo used a small homemade telescope to discover four moons of Jupiter, mountains on the Moon and the phases of Venus. Who acts: Galileo. A sentence of the lesson «Telescopes and light» of the space course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# Telescopes and light, sentence 5

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In 1609-1610 Galileo used a small homemade telescope to discover four moons of Jupiter, mountains on the Moon and the phases of Venus.

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**Who acts:** Galileo · **What happens:** use, discover · **To what, where:** small homemade telescope, 1609-1610, four moons

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Telescopes and light» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Galileo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:space:027-telescopes-and-light.lesson:5
# text = In 1609-1610 Galileo used a small homemade telescope to discover four moons of Jupiter, mountains on the Moon and the phases of Venus.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = space
# lesson = 027-telescopes-and-light.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1609-1610	1609-1610	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
3	Galileo	Galileo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	homemade	homemade	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	telescope	telescope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	discover	discover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:acl
11	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	moons	moon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Jupiter	Jupiter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	phases	phase	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Venus	Venus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Galileo | a small homemade telescope |  | 1609-1610 |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent telescope=Patient |
| 2 | **discover** | to-infinitive | Galileo *not said here* | four moons of Jupiter and mountains on the Moon and the phases of Venus |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moon=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:027-telescopes-and-light.lesson:5`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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