--- title: Helium was discovered in the Sun's spectrum in 1868, more than 25 ye… — How we know: measuring the sky · tree and pragmatics description: Helium was discovered in the Sun's spectrum in 1868, more than 25 years before it was found on Earth, and its name comes from the Greek word for Sun. Who acts: name, spectrum. A sentence of the lesson «How we know: measuring the sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school with its dependency t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/) / [How we know: measuring the sky](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/) / 12 # How we know: measuring the sky, sentence 12 Helium was discovered in the Sun's spectrum in 1868, more than 25 years before it was found on Earth, and its name comes from the Greek word for Sun. **Who acts:** name, spectrum · **What happens:** discover, find, come, name · **To what, where:** Helium, spectrum, Earth, Greek word This is a sentence of the lesson «How we know: measuring the sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (name, spectrum), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:space:028-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky.lesson:12 # text = Helium was discovered in the Sun's spectrum in 1868, more than 25 years before it was found on Earth, and its name comes from the Greek word for Sun. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = space # lesson = 028-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Helium helium PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj:pass _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:nsubj:pass|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 2 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 discovered discover VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 Sun Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nmod:poss _ _ 7 's 's PART POS _ 6 case _ _ 8 spectrum spectrum NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 1868 1868 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:nmod 11 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 12 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV 14 advmod _ _ 13 than than ADP IN _ 12 fixed _ _ 14 25 25 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 15 nummod _ _ 15 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 16 before before SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 17 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj:pass _ _ 18 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux:pass _ _ 19 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 advcl _ _ 20 on on ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 24 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 name name NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 26 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:advcl 27 from from ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 Greek Greek ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 31 for for ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 Sun. Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 nmod _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **discover** | past · passive | | Helium | | the Sun's spectrum | year | in 1868 | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | | 2 | **find** | past · passive | | spectrum | | Earth | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | | 3 | **come** | present | spectrum's name | | | the Greek word for Sun. | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from word=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **name** | | spectrum | | | | | | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:028-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How we know: measuring the sky, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/11/) - next →: [How we know: measuring the sky, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/)