--- title: Light from a galaxy moving away from us is stretched to redder colou… — How we know: measuring the sky · tree and pragmatics description: Light from a galaxy moving away from us is stretched to redder colours, called redshift, and the amount tells how fast it is moving. Who acts: galaxy, redder colours, amount. A sentence of the lesson «How we know: measuring the sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/) / [How we know: measuring the sky](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/) / 14 # How we know: measuring the sky, sentence 14 Light from a galaxy moving away from us is stretched to redder colours, called redshift, and the amount tells how fast it is moving. **Who acts:** galaxy, redder colours, amount · **What happens:** move away, stretch, call, tell, move · **To what, where:** Light, redshift · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «How we know: measuring the sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (galaxy, redder colours, amount), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:space:028-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky.lesson:14 # text = Light from a galaxy moving away from us is stretched to redder colours, called redshift, and the amount tells how fast it is moving. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = space # lesson = 028-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1 1 Light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 from from ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 galaxy galaxy NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _ 5 moving move VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 acl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=1:acl 6 away away ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 7 from from ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 obl _ _ 9 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux:pass _ _ 10 stretched stretch VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 11 to to ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 redder redder ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 13 amod _ _ 13 colours colour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 15 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 13 acl _ _ 16 redshift redshift NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 xcomp _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=10:punct 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 amount amount NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 21 tells tell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ _ 22 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 23 advmod _ _ 23 fast fast ADV RB Degree=Pos 26 advmod _ _ 24 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 25 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 26 moving move VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 21 ccomp _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **move away** | gerund | a galaxy *not said here* | | | | | from us; away *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme from we=Trajectory | | 2 | **stretch** | present · passive | | Light from a galaxy | | | | to redder colours *result* | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient to colour=Result | | 3 | **call** | participle | redder colours *not said here* | redshift | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the amount | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **move** | present · progressive | amount | | | | | fast *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:028-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How we know: measuring the sky, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/13/) - next →: [How we know: measuring the sky, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/)