--- title: Astronomers can weigh the Sun by using how fast Earth goes round it… — How we know: measuring the sky · tree and pragmatics description: Astronomers can weigh the Sun by using how fast Earth goes round it and how far away it is: the heavier the Sun, the harder it pulls and the faster Earth must go round. Who acts: Astronomers, Earth, star, faster Earth. A sentence of the lesson «How we know: measuring the sky» of the space course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/) / [How we know: measuring the sky](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/) / 17 # How we know: measuring the sky, sentence 17 Astronomers can weigh the Sun by using how fast Earth goes round it and how far away it is: the heavier the Sun, the harder it pulls and the faster Earth must go round. **Who acts:** Astronomers, Earth, star, faster Earth · **What happens:** weigh, use, go, be, pull, go round · **To what, where:** Sun, star This is a sentence of the lesson «How we know: measuring the sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Astronomers, Earth, star, faster Earth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:space:028-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky.lesson:17 # text = Astronomers can weigh the Sun by using how fast Earth goes round it and how far away it is: the heavier the Sun, the harder it pulls and the faster Earth must go round. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = space # lesson = 028-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Astronomers astronomer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 weigh weigh VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 Sun Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 by by SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 7 using use VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ 8 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 9 advmod _ _ 9 fast fast ADV RB Degree=Pos 11 advmod _ _ 10 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 11 goes go VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 ccomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:advcl 12 round round ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 15 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 16 advmod _ _ 16 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 22 advmod _ _ 17 away away ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 18 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 19 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 cop _ _ 20 : : PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 heavier heavy ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 3 parataxis _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 Sun Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=22:obj 25 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 27 harder hard ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 29 advmod _ _ 28 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 29 pulls pull VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 advcl _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 32 faster fast ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 33 amod _ _ 33 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ _ 34 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 35 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 conj _ _ 36 round round ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **weigh** | can | Astronomers | the Sun | | | | | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme sun=Value | | 2 | **use** | gerund | Astronomers *not said here* | | | | | | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 3 | **go** | present | Earth | | | star | | fast *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme round it=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **is** | present | star | | | | | far, heavy *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **pull** | present | star | | | | | hard *property* | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **go round** | must | the faster Earth | | | | | round *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:028-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How we know: measuring the sky, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/16/) - next →: [The history of space exploration, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/29-the-history-of-space-exploration/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/)