--- title: NASA has landed rovers on Mars since 1997, and Perseverance, landing… — The history of space exploration · tree and pragmatics description: NASA has landed rovers on Mars since 1997, and Perseverance, landing in 2021, brought the helicopter Ingenuity, which made the first powered flights on another planet. Who acts: NASA, Perseverance, helicopter. A sentence of the lesson «The history of space exploration» of the space course of Mova's --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/29-the-history-of-space-exploration/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/) / [The history of space exploration](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/29-the-history-of-space-exploration/) / 16 # The history of space exploration, sentence 16 NASA has landed rovers on Mars since 1997, and Perseverance, landing in 2021, brought the helicopter Ingenuity, which made the first powered flights on another planet. **Who acts:** NASA, Perseverance, helicopter · **What happens:** land, bring, make, power · **To what, where:** rovers, Mars, 2021, helicopter, first powered flights, planet This is a sentence of the lesson «The history of space exploration» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (NASA, Perseverance, helicopter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:space:029-the-history-of-space-exploration.lesson:16 # text = NASA has landed rovers on Mars since 1997, and Perseverance, landing in 2021, brought the helicopter Ingenuity, which made the first powered flights on another planet. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = space # lesson = 029-the-history-of-space-exploration.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 NASA NASA PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 landed land VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 4 rovers rover NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 on on ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Mars Mars PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:nmod 7 since since ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 1997 1997 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 Perseverance perseverance NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 landing land VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 11 acl _ _ 14 in in ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 2021 2021 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 13 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 brought bring VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:det 19 helicopter helicopter NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:compound 20 Ingenuity Ingenuity PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=17:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 21 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 23 nsubj _ _ 23 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 acl:relcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:acl:relcl 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:det 25 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 27 amod _ _ 26 powered power VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 27 amod _ _ 27 flights flight NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 28 on on ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 another another DET DT PronType=Ind 30 det _ _ 30 planet planet NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nmod _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **land** | present · perfect | NASA | rovers | | Mars | since 1997 | | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent rover=Theme on mars=Destination | | 2 | **land** | gerund | Perseverance *not said here* | | | 2021 | | | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in 2021=Destination | | 3 | **bring** | past | NASA *not said here* | the helicopter | | | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument helicopter=Theme ingenuity=Destination | | 4 | **make** | past | the helicopter | the first powered flights | | another planet | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset flight=Product | | 5 | **power** | participle | | | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:029-the-history-of-space-exploration.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The history of space exploration, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/29-the-history-of-space-exploration/15/) - next →: [The history of space exploration, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/29-the-history-of-space-exploration/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/29-the-history-of-space-exploration/)