---
title: Although Mercury is closest to the Sun, it is not the hottest planet… — Mercury · tree and pragmatics
description: Although Mercury is closest to the Sun, it is not the hottest planet; Venus is, because its thick air traps heat. Who acts: Mercury, Sun, thick air. A sentence of the lesson «Mercury» of the space course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Mercury, sentence 10

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Although Mercury is closest to the Sun, it is not the hottest planet; Venus is, because its thick air traps heat.

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**Who acts:** Mercury, Sun, thick air · **What happens:** be, not be, trap · **To what, where:** hottest planet, Venus, heat

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Mercury» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mercury, Sun, thick air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:space:003-mercury.lesson:10
# text = Although Mercury is closest to the Sun, it is not the hottest planet; Venus is, because its thick air traps heat.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = space
# lesson = 003-mercury.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	Mercury	Mercury	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	14	advcl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	hottest	hot	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	14	amod	_	_
14	planet	planet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	Venus	venus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
19	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
20	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	traps	trap	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
24	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Mercury |  |  |  |  | to the Sun; close *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | present | Sun | the hottest planet and Venus |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Sun *not said here* | Venus |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **trap** | present | Sun's thick air | heat |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:003-mercury.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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