--- title: A spacecraft falling towards the Sun speeds up, so to stay in orbit… — Mercury · tree and pragmatics description: A spacecraft falling towards the Sun speeds up, so to stay in orbit round Mercury it must brake hard; it slows itself by flying past planets on the way. Who acts: spacecraft. A sentence of the lesson «Mercury» of the space course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/3-mercury/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/) / [Mercury](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/3-mercury/) / 16 # Mercury, sentence 16 A spacecraft falling towards the Sun speeds up, so to stay in orbit round Mercury it must brake hard; it slows itself by flying past planets on the way. **Who acts:** spacecraft · **What happens:** fall, speed up, stay, brake, slow, fly · **To what, where:** Sun, orbit, spacecraft, way This is a sentence of the lesson «Mercury» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spacecraft), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:space:003-mercury.lesson:16 # text = A spacecraft falling towards the Sun speeds up, so to stay in orbit round Mercury it must brake hard; it slows itself by flying past planets on the way. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = space # lesson = 003-mercury.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 spacecraft spacecraft NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 3 falling fall VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 acl _ _ 4 towards towards ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 Sun Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 7 speeds speed VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 up up ADP RP _ 7 compound:prt _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 so so ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 11 to to PART TO _ 12 mark _ _ 12 stay stay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:advcl 13 in in ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 orbit orbit NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 15 round round ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 Mercury Mercury PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 17 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 18 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 19 brake brake VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 parataxis _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:conj 20 hard hard ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ _ 23 slows slow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:conj 24 itself itself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 23 obj _ _ 25 by by SCONJ IN _ 26 mark _ _ 26 flying fly VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 23 advcl _ _ 27 past past ADP IN _ 28 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=28:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 28 planets planet NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=26:obj 29 on on ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:nmod 32 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fall** | gerund | a spacecraft *not said here* | | | the Sun | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme towards sun=Initial\_Location | | 2 | **speed up** | present | a spacecraft | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **stay** | to-infinitive | spacecraft *not said here* | | | orbit | | round Mercury | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in orbit=Location | | 4 | **brake** | must | spacecraft | | | | | hard *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **slow** | present | spacecraft | spacecraft | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent itself=Patient | | 6 | **fly** | gerund | spacecraft *not said here* | | | the way | | past planets | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on way=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:003-mercury.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Mercury, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/3-mercury/15/) - next →: [Mercury, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/3-mercury/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/3-mercury/)