---
title: Mercury is hard to spot because it never strays far from the Sun, so… — Mercury · tree and pragmatics
description: Mercury is hard to spot because it never strays far from the Sun, so it is seen only low in the sky just after sunset or before sunrise. Who acts: Mercury, spacecraft. A sentence of the lesson «Mercury» of the space course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every
---

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# Mercury, sentence 18

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Mercury is hard to spot because it never strays far from the Sun, so it is seen only low in the sky just after sunset or before sunrise.

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**Who acts:** Mercury, spacecraft · **What happens:** be, spot, not stray, see · **To what, where:** spacecraft

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Mercury» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mercury, spacecraft), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:space:003-mercury.lesson:18
# text = Mercury is hard to spot because it never strays far from the Sun, so it is seen only low in the sky just after sunset or before sunrise.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = space
# lesson = 003-mercury.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Mercury	Mercury	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	spot	spot	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	strays	stray	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:ccomp
10	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
19	only	only	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	xcomp	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
24	just	just	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
25	after	after	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	sunset	sunset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
27	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	before	before	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	sunrise	sunrise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Mercury |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **spot** | to-infinitive | Mercury *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |
| 3 | **not** **stray** | present | spacecraft |  |  |  |  | far *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **see** | present · passive |  | spacecraft |  |  | sunset | low *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:003-mercury.lesson:18`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Mercury, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/3-mercury/17/)
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- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/3-mercury/)