---
title: Mercury has almost no air to hold heat, like a desert night but far… — Mercury · tree and pragmatics
description: Mercury has almost no air to hold heat, like a desert night but far worse: the day side is hot enough to melt lead and the night side colder than Antarctica. Who acts: Mercury, day side, night side. A sentence of the lesson «Mercury» of the space course of Mova's primary school with its dependency t
---

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# Mercury, sentence 3

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Mercury has almost no air to hold heat, like a desert night but far worse: the day side is hot enough to melt lead and the night side colder than Antarctica.

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**Who acts:** Mercury, day side, night side · **What happens:** have, hold, be, melt · **To what, where:** air, heat, lead

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Mercury» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mercury, day side, night side), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:space:003-mercury.lesson:3
# text = Mercury has almost no air to hold heat, like a desert night but far worse: the day side is hot enough to melt lead and the night side colder than Antarctica.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = space
# lesson = 003-mercury.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Mercury	Mercury	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=13:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos
13	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=13:cc
15	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	16	advmod	_	_
16	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	conj	_	_
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
23	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	melt	melt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	xcomp	_	_
26	lead	lead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=22:cc
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
31	colder	cold	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	22	conj	_	_
32	than	than	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Antarctica	Antarctica	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Mercury | no air |  |  | night | almost *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Patient |
| 2 | **hold** | to-infinitive | Mercury *not said here* | heat |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | the day side |  |  |  |  | enough, hot *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **melt** | to-infinitive | the day side *not said here* | lead |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient lead=Result |
| 5 | **be** |  | the night side |  |  |  |  | than Antarctica | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:003-mercury.lesson:3`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Mercury, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/3-mercury/2/)
- next →: [Mercury, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/3-mercury/4/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/3-mercury/)